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PKP class ET22 is a Polish six-axle electric freight locomotive built by Pafawag from 1969 to 1989. Factory designation is 201E. Due to the sharp drop in heavy industry production (and hence cargo transport) after 1989, this class is now also frequently used for passenger service. With 1183 units, it is most numerous standard gauge electric locomotive built in Europe.〔Terczyński, Paweł. ''Świat Kolei'' 8/2006〕 Further 23 units were built for Morocco as E-1000 class. ==History== Soon after Pafawag started the production of an universal EU07 locomotive, ''The Rolling-stock Industry Central Bureau of Construction'' (Pl.: ''Centralne Biuro Konstrukcyjne Przemysłu Taboru Kolejowego'') began to develop a new heavy Co-Co freight locomotive. The electrical part of the locomotive including the traction motors was based on the equipment used in EU07 locomotive. The new locomotive had some modern features, including its body.〔 The first two prototypes of the class 201E were ready by the end of 1969 (ET22-001 and 002). A short series of ten was made in 1971, and large scale production started next year.〔 PKP bought 1183 locomotives until the production was ceased in 1989 (numbered ET22-001 to ET22-1183, including two 201Ec type).〔 Last were delivered in 1990.〔 This made the ET22 class the most numerous standard gauge electric locomotive built in Europe.〔 During the production the design of the ET22 locomotive was slightly altered. Some changes were also made during repair and maintenance. The body of the locomotives in use is different from the prototypes in details. There are three basic types of locomotive bodies where the main differences are the size and placement of the side windows, air intakes and ventilation grids. From ET22-013 big grids on the left side for resistors' cooling were moved from upper part to lower part of the body. From ET22-242 air intakes for engines' cooling were moved from a roof edge to side walls, on both sides, which is most popular configuration. *ET22-001 - left side: four big ventilation grids in an upper part of the body, six air intakes and seven air outlets on a roof edge; right side: six air intakes in two groups on the roof edge.〔 *ET22-013 - left side: five ventilation grids in a lower part of the body, six air intakes and seven air outlets on a roof edge; right side as above.〔 *ET22-242 - left side: seven ventilation grids in a lower part and two in an upper part of the body, seven air outlets on a roof edge; right side: two ventilation grids in a lower part and two in an upper part of the body; added windows to all side doors.〔 From ET22-122 there was simplified and improved a suspension of the body, without transversal beams. From ET22-282, big headlights, typical for Polish railways, were fitted in conical covers instead of hexagonal.〔 In 1973 Pafawag built a prototype passenger locomotive of the building type 201Ea, which had a different gear ratio for top speed 160 km/h, with no other substantial changes. The locomotive was classified as EP23-001, being a sole machine of this class. After a series of tests, the locomotive characteristics were found unsatisfactory and no more were built. In 1979 the prototype was rebuilt to ET22 standard and renamed ET22-121 in place of former locomotive 121 scrapped in 1977.〔 Today this locomotive is conserved in Jaworzyna Śląska railway museum. Another two prototype locomotives were produced in 1978 as type 201Ec (also known as type 202E).〔 Main changes introduced were an improved secondary suspension, multiple unit control and several small modernisations, like automatic door control. Wheelbase of bogies increased from 3,500 m to 3,800 m and they were connected with a linkage, but an overall wheelbase increased only by 0,08 m.〔 Those locomotives were first given the numbers 501 and 502. As the production of ET22 continued, those were renumbered to 701 and 702 and finally to 1001 and 1002, which they carried until the end.〔 A modernization was considered successful, but in a view of an economical crisis in 1980s in Poland, the authorities of a planned economy lost an interest in starting a production of an improved locomotive.〔 In the 1980s PKP needed locomotives for passenger service. Since the freight service declined, the ET22 could be used for passenger service. They were fitted with main reservoir pipes required for the automatic door control of the passenger coaches. In 2004 the locomotive ET22-315 was modernised in ZNLE Gliwice and renamed ET22-2000 (201Em type).〔 Main modifications affected the electrical and mechanical main components as well as the driver's cab which was equipped with a modern computerised control system and joysticks. The locomotive is painted in PKP Cargo colours.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「PKP class ET22」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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